Concrete-to-Representational-to-Abstract (CRA) Algebra Model: Teaching Algebra to Middle School Students with Math Difficulties in Inclusive Settings
About the Intervention
The CRA (Concrete-Representational-Abstract) algebra model is a teaching approach that targets middle school students' understanding of algebraic concepts, particularly those with math difficulties in inclusive settings. The program uses a multisensory approach, incorporating concrete objects, pictorial representations, and abstract notation to help students learn algebraic concepts. The model is designed to portray concepts for solving for variables with multiple coefficients, fractions, and exponents, and is capable of generalized use to many algebra skills. The program consists of 19 lessons, with each lesson including four steps: introducing the concept, modeling the procedure, guiding students through the procedure, and having students work independently. The program uses manipulative objects, pictorial representations, and abstract notation to help students learn algebraic concepts, and is designed to be used in a classroom setting.
Statistical Findings
Positive effect on algebra skills for students who learned through multisensory algebra compared to traditional abstract instruction
Positive effect on algebra skills for students with high math achievement who learned through multisensory algebra
No significant difference in algebra skills between 6th and 7th graders who learned through multisensory algebra or traditional abstract instruction
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
Those with DisabilitiesPrograms & Services
General EducationDelivery Methods
Face-to-FaceDisability Support
Specific learning disabilityTarget Groups
Student(s)Source
Bradley S., W. (2005). Using CRA to Teach Algebra to Students with Math Difficulties in Inclusive Settings (EJ797683). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ797683.pdf.
Study Demographics
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Other Participant Characteristics
Geographical Setting
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