Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC): Improving Reading Comprehension and General Reading Achievement Among Beginning Readers
About the Intervention
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) is a curriculum that integrates reading and writing instruction to improve students' comprehension and general reading achievement. CIRC lessons use small groups, partner reading, story structure, words out loud, word meaning, story retelling, spelling, direct instruction in reading comprehension, and independent reading to develop students' reading skills. Teachers receive a one-day training in CIRC and are given assistance via observation and behavioral consultation sessions to support implementation.
Statistical Findings
Positive effect on comprehension
No effect on general reading achievement
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
N/APrograms & Services
General EducationDelivery Methods
Face-to-FaceDisability Support
N/ATarget Groups
Student(s)Source
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, What Works Clearinghouse. (2012). Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC). Retrieved from https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/WWC/intervention/1.
Study Demographics
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Other Participant Characteristics
Geographical Setting
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