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Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI): A Small-Group Literacy Intervention to Improve Reading Achievement in K-2 Students

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Intervention Details

Subject

English Language Arts

Academic Program

Early Childhood

Duration

38 days (Kindergarten), 73 days (1st and 2nd grade)

Grades

K, 1, 2

Personnel

General Education Teacher, Special Education Teacher, Instructional Aide, Paraprofessional

Intervention Summary

Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI) is a program that targets early literacy skills in kindergarten through second-grade students who are struggling with reading. LLI is designed to provide small-group instruction to students who are below grade level in reading, with the goal of accelerating their literacy development and reducing the gap between their reading level and that of their peers. The program is typically delivered in 30-minute sessions, five days a week, for 18 weeks, and is led by a trained teacher who uses a variety of instructional strategies and materials to support student learning. The program includes a combination of phonics, phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension instruction, and is designed to be tailored to the needs of individual students.

Statistical Finding Summary

Positive effect on literacy skills for kindergarten students

Positive effect on literacy skills for 1st-grade students

Positive effect on literacy skills for 2nd-grade students

Positive effect on literacy skills for English Language Learners (ELL)

Positive effect on literacy skills for African American students

Positive effect on literacy skills for Hispanic students

Positive effect on literacy skills for economically disadvantaged students

Positive effect on nonsense word fluency (NWF) for kindergarten students

Positive effect on phoneme segmentation fluency (PSF) for kindergarten students

Positive effect on oral reading fluency (ORF) for 1st-grade students

Positive effect on letter naming fluency (LNF) for 1st-grade students

Positive effect on nonsense word fluency (NWF) for 1st-grade students

No effect on nonsense word fluency (NWF) for 2nd-grade students

No effect on oral reading fluency (ORF) for 2nd-grade students

Source

Brenda, G., Carolyn R., R., Cristin L., R., E. Sutton, F., Louis, F., Todd, Z. & Ying, H. (2010). Implementation of Effective Intervention: An Empirical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fountas & Pinnell's Leveled Literacy Intervention System (LLI). 2009-2010 (ED544374). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544374.pdf.

Data Sample by Population

These charts show the characteristics of the student populations studied. When assessing programs, you may want to prioritize interventions that yielded success in a similar demographic environment as your school or district.