Reading Apprenticeship®
About the Intervention
Reading Apprenticeship® is a professional development program for teachers in middle schools, high schools, and community colleges across content areas (English, mathematics, science, and social studies). The program trains teachers to model reading comprehension strategies and help students practice these strategies in their classrooms, with the goal of improving student literacy skills and social-emotional learning outcomes such as belonging, social awareness, growth mindset, and self-efficacy. Teachers participate in professional development courses (Reading Apprenticeship® Essentials I and II) delivered either online (nine 2-hour sessions) or in-person (3- to 10-day trainings), followed by on-site coaching. In the five studies reviewed, teachers typically received a 5-day introductory training in the summer before implementation (or 3 days for one package), with follow-up training and support throughout the school year including monthly professional learning community meetings, teacher leader meetings, weekly calls/emails, or periodic interviews. Teachers then implement Reading Apprenticeship® instructional strategies with their students over the course of one school year (with some students exposed for 2 years in two studies).
Statistical Findings
Positive effect on science achievement
Positive effect on grade point average
No effect on life sciences achievement
No effect on social studies achievement
No effect on literacy achievement
No effect on reading comprehension
No effect on vocabulary
No effect on mathematics achievement
No effect on school attendance
No effect on credit accumulation
No effect on engagement
No effect on happiness
No effect on belonging
No effect on positive identity
No effect on growth mindset
No effect on suspensions
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
Social-Emotional LearningPrograms & Services
General Education, Teacher Professional Development / MentoringDelivery Methods
Face-to-FaceDisability Support
N/ATarget Groups
Teachers/Instructional TeamsSource
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, What Works Clearinghouse. (2023). Reading Apprenticeship®. Retrieved from https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/WWC/intervention/728.
Study Demographics
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Participant Race
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Participant Gender
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Other Participant Characteristics
Geographical Setting
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