About the Intervention
Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI) is a short-term, small-group, supplemental literacy intervention system designed for students in kindergarten through second grade who struggle with literacy. The goal of LLI is to provide intensive support to help these early learners quickly achieve grade-level competency. Students meet in small groups (ideally three students) for daily 30-minute lessons, and the intervention lasts a maximum of 18 weeks. LLI emphasizes systematic and explicit instruction in phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, comprehension, and the expansion of oral language skills, including vocabulary. The system uses leveled texts of progressing difficulty measured by the Fountas & Pinnell Text Level Gradient. Teachers selected to be LLI teachers receive eight days of professional development focused on how to implement the LLI instructional program, along with the necessary LLI materials and a detailed teaching guide.
Statistical Findings
Positive effect: on literacy benchmark levels
Positive effect: on nonsense word fluency
Positive effect: on oral reading fluency
Positive effect: on letter naming fluency
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
N/APrograms & Services
General Education, Special Education Services, Title IDelivery Methods
Face-to-FaceDisability Support
N/ATarget Groups
Student(s)Citation
Flynt, E. S., Franceschini, L., Gallagher, B., Huang, Y., Ransford-Kaldon, C. R., Ross, C. L. & Todd, Z. (2010). Implementation of Effective Intervention: An Empirical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fountas & Pinnell's Leveled Literacy Intervention System (LLI). 2009-2010 (ED544374). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544374.pdf.
Study Demographics
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Participant Race
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Participant Gender
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Other Participant Characteristics
Geographical Setting
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