About the Intervention
Reading Recovery is a supplemental pull-out intervention for struggling first-grade readers, delivered during the regular school day (but not during regular classroom literacy instruction). The program consists of daily, 30-minute, one-to-one instructional sessions delivered by highly trained teachers for 12 to 20 weeks. Reading Recovery teachers participate in a yearlong graduate course taught by a teacher leader, receive on-site coaching, and participate in "behind-the-glass" training sessions where observers offer feedback on lessons taught in real time behind a two-way mirror. During sessions, teachers carefully observe students' literacy behaviors, identify specific learning needs, and tailor instruction in response to students' progress. Each lesson follows a prescribed structure: students reread familiar books, work on letter/word recognition activities, compose a brief story, assemble a cut-up story, and practice reading a new book. The goal is to equip students with literacy strategies applicable in the regular classroom, allowing them to continue developing as readers after the intervention ends.
Statistical Findings
Positive effect: on ITBS Total Reading scores
Positive effect: on ITBS Reading Words scores
Positive effect: on ITBS Reading Comprehension scores
Positive effect: on Observation Survey Total scores
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
N/APrograms & Services
General Education, Remedial EducationDelivery Methods
Face-to-FaceDisability Support
N/ATarget Groups
Student(s)Citation
May, H. & Sirinides, P. (2018). The Impacts of Reading Recovery at Scale: Results From the 4-Year i3 External Evaluation (EJ1186803). ERIC. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373718764828.
Study Demographics
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Participant Gender
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Other Participant Characteristics
Geographical Setting
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