About the Intervention
This study evaluated two integrated learning systems (ILSs)—Lexia and iStation—as Tier 2 reading interventions for elementary students at-risk for reading deficits in rural schools. Both programs deliver adaptive, computer-based literacy instruction via 1:1 tablet-to-student pairing, aligned with the five pillars of reading and Common Core standards. Each program uses a blended model combining computer-based activities with supplemental teacher-led lessons for non-responsive students. iStation students engaged in up to 90 minutes per week of computer-based instruction plus supplemental small-group lessons (25-30 minutes per group, approximately 10-12 students daily). Lexia students received 60-80 minutes per week of computer-based instruction with supplemental lessons completed within the designated intervention block. Both programs required vendor-provided professional development for implementing staff. The interventions were delivered over an academic year (September 2018 to April 2019) in two rural elementary schools serving grades 1-5 (one school) and 1-4 (the other), with high rates of students receiving free/reduced lunch (69% and 61%) and significant American Indian populations (54% and 25%).
Statistical Findings
Positive effect: on WJ Broad Reading
Positive effect: on WJ Reading Fluency
No effect: on WJ Basic Reading
No effect: on reading curriculum-based measurement
No effect: on reading comprehension efficiency
More Intervention Details
Focus Areas
Those with Disabilities, Economically DisadvantagedPrograms & Services
General Education, Remedial Education, Targeted Intervention ProgramDelivery Methods
Blended LearningDisability Support
Specific learning disabilityTarget Groups
Student(s)Citation
Banks, E., Enos, D., Kitterman, C., Solomon, B. G., Stein, B. & Villanueva, S. (2022). Comparing Technology-Based Reading Intervention Programs in Rural Settings (EJ1342395). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1342395.pdf.
Study Demographics
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Participant Gender
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Geographical Setting
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